Final declaration of the 10th Anniversary International Luxembourg Forum conference in Paris, October 9-10, 2017
ARTICLE
FROM ALARM TO ACTION:
GROWING NUCLEAR DANGERS DEMAND CONSTRUCTIVE POLICIES
DECLARATION
of the 10th Anniversary Conference of the International Luxembourg Forum on Preventing Nuclear Catastrophe
The participants of the 10th Anniversary Conference of the International Luxembourg Forum on Preventing Nuclear Catastrophe wish to communicate their extreme concern about the present state of international security.
The causes of this alarm are numerous. We are facing a new and more dangerous era in which the risk of use of nuclear weapons is unacceptably high and growing. Since the end of the Cold War, the number of states possessing nuclear weapons has grown from seven to nine, and still more might acquire them in the future. There are rising tensions between nuclear-armed states. The technology to build nuclear weapons has spread. There are more opportunities for terrorists to acquire the materials needed to build a bomb. North Korea continues testing more powerful nuclear explosive devices and longer-range ballistic missiles and India and Pakistan are in danger of another serious crisis.
Simultaneously, the arms control frameworks regulating and constraining nuclear forces are eroding. The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty is under growing threat due to mutual accusations of non-compliance by Russia and the United States. Since the conclusion of the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) seven years ago, strategic arms control dialogue has been nearly nonexistent, producing the longest period without meaningful negotiations in nearly five decades. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) to restrain the Iranian nuclear program, which will help alleviate a pressing proliferation challenge if fully implemented by all parties, is jeopardized. Thus, while dangers persist or increase, sources of restraint weaken or disappear.
Against this background of worrying international tensions, the participants of the 10th Anniversary Conference of the Luxembourg Forum call on all major governments to work together to address these growing concerns. In particular, we see an urgent need for Russia and the United States, given their special obligations, to address together areas of common interest, paramount among them reducing nuclear and other military risks and preventing catastrophic terrorist attacks. The lack of official dialogue on nuclear weapons in today’s world is dangerous and contrary to the interests of both countries.
Therefore, we strongly urge Moscow and Washington to engage in a new nuclear dialogue to re-establish as a core principle the goal of reducing the role and risks of nuclear weapons in global security policies. The dialogue could involve specific steps such as:
• Promoting a new Joint Presidential Declaration confirming that a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought.
• Calling for other nuclear-armed states to join this declaration.
• Reviving bilateral military-to-military dialogue as an urgent priority.
• Resolving the controversies over compliance with the INF Treaty and ensuring preservation of this key Treaty.
• Extending the term of the current START Treaty and initiating without further delay talks on a follow-on Treaty.
• Increasing US-Russian cooperation in the NPT context, particularly for the 2018 NPT PrepCom and subsequent efforts to prepare for the 2020 NPT Review Conference.
• Resuming cooperation on the safety and security of nuclear materials and facilities as a key step to prevent nuclear terrorism. An important move in this direction would be to promote the universal and full implementation of the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material as Amended, which has entered into force, in particular to ensure the security of nuclear material in transport.
The Luxembourg Forum also offered recommendations on a number of issues of wider concern and encourages all interested parties to undertake the following steps:
• The UN Security Council resolutions imposing sanctions on North Korea must be strictly enforced by all parties. As a first step in addressing North Korea’s growing nuclear capabilities, the United States should, after broad consultations with South Korea, People’s Republic of China, Russia and Japan, seek to engage in direct dialogue with North Korea in pursuit of a freeze on nuclear tests and launches of long-range missiles and reciprocal measures. In addition, the Luxembourg Forum favors the resumption of multilateral efforts aimed at achieving the long-term goal of curtailment of military activities, denuclearization and a peaceful settlement on the Korean peninsula. In a region marked by provocative behavior, direct dialogue is urgently needed to reduce the risk of military conflict, to minimize the likelihood of escalation to nuclear war, and to discourage inflammatory words and actions.
• All governments should reaffirm their support for the JCPOA and their intention to ensure its effective implementation.
• Every effort should be undertaken to facilitate the entry into force of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.
• To ensure the survival and supply of needed expertise in the future, efforts should be made to foster a new generation of arms control and non-proliferation specialists, including in the future work of the Luxembourg Forum.
In sum, in order to address urgent nuclear risks, preserve nuclear arms control, strengthen global non-proliferation, and deescalate international tensions, the partici pants of the 10th Anniversary Conference of the Luxembourg Forum call on global leaders to implement the steps set out above.
List of Participants
10th Anniversary Conference of the International Luxembourg Forum
on Preventing Nuclear Catastrophe
Topical Issues of Nuclear Non-Proliferation
(October 9-10, 2017,Hotel Four Seasons George V, 31, Avenue George V, 75008 Paris, France)
Viatcheslav KANTOR | President of the International Luxembourg Forum on Preventing Nuclear Catastrophe, Ph.D. (Russia). | |
James M. ACTON | Co-Director of the Nuclear Policy Program and Senior Fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Ph.D. (USA). | |
Ian ANTHONY | Program Director, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Ph.D. (UK). | |
Uzi ARAD | Professor of Government at the Interdisciplinary Center, Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy (former National Security Advisor to the Prime Minister of Israel, Chairman of the Israeli National Security Council), Ph.D. (Israel). | |
Alexey ARBATOV | Deputy Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the International Luxembourg Forum; Head of the Center for International Security, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS); Academician, RAS (Russia). | |
Vladimir BARANOVSKY | Academic Supervisor of Division, Center for Situation Analysis, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS); Academician, RAS (Russia). | |
Grigory BERDENNIKOV | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation (former Deputy Foreign Minister, Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva andto the International Organizations in Vienna) (Russia). | |
Bruce BLAIR | Senior Research Scholar, Princeton University, Co-Founder of Global Zero International Movement; Ph.D. (USA). | |
Tony BLAIR | Executive Chairman of the Institute for Global Change(former Prime Minister of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) (UK). | |
Hans BLIX | Ambassador, Member of the Supervisory Board of the International Luxembourg Forum (former Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency), Ph.D. (Sweden). | |
Linton BROOKS | Non-resident Senior Adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (former Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security and Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration), Ambassador (USA). | |
Des BROWNE | Vice Chairman of the Nuclear Threat Initiative, Founder and Current Member of the Top Level Group of Parliamentarians for Nuclear Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Directors of the European Leadership Network, Member of the Supervisory Board of the International Luxembourg Forum (former Secretary of State for Defense, Secretary of State for Scotland, Member of Parliament), Lord Browne of Ladyton (UK). | |
John CARLSON | Counsellor to the Nuclear Threat Initiative, Visiting Fellow at the Lowy Institute for International Policy in Sydney, Мember of the Asia Pacific Leadership Network (former Director General of the Australian Safeguards and Non-Proliferation Office; Chairman of the Standing Advisory Group on Safeguards Implementation, International Atomic Energy Agency) (Australia). | |
Shahram CHUBIN | Non-resident Senior Fellow, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Ph.D. (Switzerland). | |
Joseph CIRINCIONE | President of the Ploughshares Fund (USA). | |
Armand CLESSE | Director, Luxembourg Institute for European and International Studies; Ph.D. (Luxembourg). | |
Thomas COCHRAN | Consulting Senior Scientist (former Director of Nuclear Program), Natural Resources Defense Council, Ph.D. (USA). | |
Jayantha DHANAPALA | Ambassador, Distinguished Associate Fellow at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Member of the Supervisory Board of the International Luxembourg Forum (former President of Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Disarmament Affairs) (Sri Lanka). | |
Anatoly DIAKOV | Senior Researcher (former Director) of the Centre for Arms Control, Energy and Environmental Studies at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Professor, Ph.D. (Russia). | |
Vladimir DVORKIN | Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the International Luxembourg Forum; Principal Researcher of the Center for International Security, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Russian Academy of Sciences (former Director of the 4th Central Scientific Research Institute, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation); Full Member of the Russian Academy of Missile and Artillery Sciences, Russian Engineering Academy, International Engineering Academy, Academy of Military Sciences, and Tsiolkovsky Russian Academy of Astronautics; Professor, Ph.D., Major General (retired) (Russia). | |
Alexander DYNKIN | President, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS); Member of the Presidium of the Presidential Council for Science and Education; Member of the Presidium of RAS; Chairman of the Russian Pugwash Committee at the Presidium of RAS; Member of the Scientific Council of the Security Council of the Russian Federation; Member of the Scientific Council under Foreign Minister of Russia; frequent commentator on federal TV channels; Chairman and Founder of the Primakov Readings; Academician, RAS (Russia). | |
Susan EISENHOWER | President, Eisenhower Group; Ph.D. (USA). | |
Rolf EKEUS | Ambassador, Member of the Supervisory Board of the International Luxembourg Forum (former High Commissioner on National Minorities at the OSCE; Chairman of the Governing Board, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) (Sweden). | |
Michael ELLEMAN | Senior Fellow for Missile Defense, International Institute for Strategic Studies – Americas (USA). | |
Victor ESIN | Leading Researcher, Institute for the US and Canadian Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences; First Vice-President, Academy of Security, Defense and Law and Order (former Chief of Staff – First Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Strategic Missile Forces); Professor, Ph.D.; Colonel General (retired) (Russia). | |
Trevor FINDLAY | Chair of UN Secretary-General's Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters; Member of the Eminent Persons Group for Substantive Advancement of Nuclear Disarmament; Senior Research Fellow, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne r(Australia). | |
François HEISBOURG | Chairman, International Institute for Strategic Studies; Chairman of the Foundation Council, Geneva Centre for Security Policy; Special Advisor, Foundation for Strategic Studies in Paris; Professor, Ph.D. (France). | |
Igor IVANOV | President of the Russian International Affairs Council; Member of the Supervisory Board of the International Luxembourg Forum; Professor at MGIMO (University), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation); Corresponding Member, RAS (Russia). | |
Sergey KARAGANOV | Honorary Chairman of the Presidium of the Council on Foreign and Defense Policy; Dean of the School of World Economy and International Affairs, National Research University – Higher School of Economics (former Chairman of Presidium, Council on Foreign and Defense Policy; Deputy Director of the Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences); Ph.D. (Russia). | |
Byungki KIM | Professor of Politics and International Relations; Directing Head of the International Security Policy Forum at the Graduate School of International Studies; Steering Committee Member and Senior Fellow of the Institute for Sustainable Development; Director- General, Korea Ministry of Education and Human Resources/ Ministry of National Defense’s Korean War National Archive Project Initiative; Steering Committee Member of the Institute of History at the Korea University; Ph.D. (Republic of Korea). | |
Michael KREPON | Co-founder and Senior Associate of the Henry L. Stimson Center (former President and CEO, Henry L. Stimson Center; Legislative Assistant, Capitol Hill; Senior Associate, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Diplomat Scholar of the University of Virginia) (USA). | |
Robert LEGVOLD | Marshall D. Shulman Professor Emeritus, Department of Political Science and the Harriman Institute, Columbia University; Ph.D. (USA). | |
Ariel LEVITE | Non-resident Senior Fellow of the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (former Deputy National Security Advisor for Defense Policy; Head of the Bureau of International Security and Arms Control, Israeli Ministry of Defense); Ph.D. (Israel). | |
Vladimir LUKIN | Deputy Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Council of the Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation; President, Russian Paralympic Committee; Professor, National Research University – Higher School of Economics; Member of the Supervisory Board, International Luxembourg Forum (former Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee and Deputy Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation; Commissioner on Human Rights for the Russian Federation; Ambassador of the Russian Federation to the United States of America); Ph.D. (Russia). | |
Steven MILLER | Director, International Security Program; Editor-in-Chief, International Security; Member of the Board, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; Ph.D. (USA). | |
Yury NAZARKIN | Professor, Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations; Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the USSR and Russian Federation (former Representative of the USSR at the Conference on Disarmament; Head of the Soviet delegation at the USSR-US Nuclear and Space Talks (START-1); Deputy Secretary,Security Council of the Russian Federation) (Russia). | |
Alexander NIKITIN | Director of the Center for Euro-Atlantic Security, MGIMO (University), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; Principal Researcher of the Center for International Security, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Russian Academy of Sciences; Professor, Ph.D. (Russia). | |
Bernard NORLAIN | Vice-President for Nuclear Disarmament Initiative, Honorary President, National Committee for Defense Studies, Member of the European Leadership Network, Member of the Global Zero Initiative, General (retired) (France). | |
Robert NURICK | Senior Fellow of the Atlantic Council (former Director of the Carnegie Moscow Center) (USA). | |
Vladimir ORLOV | Member of the UN Secretary General’s Advisory Board on Disarmament; Special Advisor, PIR Center; Head of the Center for Global Trends and International Organizations, Diplomatic Academy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (former Advisor of the Russian delegation at the 2010, 2015 NPT Review Conferences); Ph.D. (Russia). | |
Sergey OZNOBISHCHEV | Deputy Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the International Luxembourg Forum; Head of Section for Military-Political Analysis, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS); Professor at MGIMO (University), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; Ph.D. (Russia). | |
Zhenqiang PAN | Vice-President, China Foundation for International Studies and Academic Changes; Professor of International Relations at the Institute for Strategic Studies; Member of the Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission; Major General (retired) (China). | |
George PERKOVICH | Vice President for Studies, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Ph.D. (USA). | |
William PERRY | Professor at the Stanford University; Member of the Supervisory Board of the International Luxembourg Forum (former US Secretary of Defense); Ph.D. (USA). | |
William C. POTTER | Director, James Martin Center for Non-Proliferation Studies; Professor of Non-Proliferation Studies, Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey; Ph.D. (USA). | |
Paul QUILES | President, Nuclear Disarmament Initiative (former Member of Parliament, French Defense Minister, Interior Minister, Chairman of the Defense Commission, Vice-President of the Foreign Affairs Committee at the French National Assembly) (France). | |
Tariq RAUF | Consulting Advisor for Policy and Outreach, Office of Executive Secretary, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO); Principal, Global Nuclear Solutions (Former Director, Disarmament, Arms Control and Non-Proliferation Program, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute; Head of the Verification and Security Policy Coordination Office of International Atomic Energy Agency); Ph.D. (Canada). | |
Roald SAGDEEV | Distinguished Professor of the Department of Physics, University of Maryland; Director Emeritus, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS); Member of the Supervisory Board of the International Luxembourg Forum; Academician, RAS (Russia/USA). | |
Vladimir SAZHIN | Senior Researcher of the Department of Middle East, Institute for Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences; Professor, Ph.D. (Russia). | |
Pal W. SIDHU | Senior Fellow with Brookings India in New Delhi, Visiting Professor, Center for Global Affairs, New York University; Ph.D. (India). | |
Adam THOMSON | Director, European Leadership Network (former UK Permanent Representative to NATO; British High Commissioner to Pakistan; British Ambassador and Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York); Ph.D. (UK). | |
Jon B. WOLFSTHAL | Non-resident Scholar, Nuclear Policy Program, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Non-resident Fellow, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University (former Senior Director for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation at the National Security Council; Deputy Director, James Martin Center for Non-Proliferation Studies, Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey) (USA). Observers | |
Tatiana ANICHKINA | Consultant of the Organizing Committee of the International Luxembourg Forum (Russia). | |
Maria KORTUNOVA | Consultant of the Organizing Committee of the International Luxembourg Forum (Russia). |